联合国儿童权利委员会就中国童工等问题通过问题清单：要求说明如何保护 16 至 18 岁少年免受危险劳动，2027 年 5 月审议中国履约情况UN Child Rights Committee presses China on child labour: List of Issues adopted October 2, 2026, review set for May 2027, written replies due February 15, 2027

据 CHRD 11 月 4 日报道：联合国儿童权利委员会已要求中国政府说明如何保护 16 至 18 岁未成年人免受危险劳动。该问题载于委员会 2026 年 10 月 2 日通过的正式《问题清单》，反映了 CHRD 关于 18 岁以下职业学校学生实习受虐的研究。委员会已暂定于 2027 年 5 月的会议上审议中国履行《儿童权利公约》的情况，中国政府须于 2027 年 2 月 15 日前就问题清单提交书面答复。问题清单涵盖广泛的儿童权利关切：委员会要求中方就藏族与维吾尔族儿童受歧视、宗教与语言权利受限、教育障碍、家庭分离以及发声儿童遭报复等问题作出说明，并就 2013 年上次审议以来通过的法律的影响作出说明，包括香港国安法与 2026 年 7 月 1 日生效的《促进民族团结进步法》。委员会还要求中方报告为保护 16 至 18 岁儿童免受“危险劳动”、终结学校、国家勤工俭学项目、制造业及中国海外企业中的“强迫、剥削与危险童工”所采取的措施，并提供强迫与危险童工案件的调查、起诉与量刑信息。[1][2]

两项童工问题均源自 CHRD 向委员会提交的材料，其依据是 CHRD 2026 年 5 月发布的报告《真正的自由选择？中国童工与强制性学生实习》。该研究聚焦两个相互重叠的问题：强制性职业学校实习项目中 18 岁以下学生的受虐情况，以及非法雇用 16 岁以下儿童的情况。尽管中国有国内立法并已批准《儿童权利公约》与国际劳工组织关键公约，童工受虐仍在各行业持续存在。CHRD 记录的 2019 至 2025 年间 11 个省份的侵权案例显示：一些职业学校学生的实习涉及每天 10 至 12 小时轮班（包括夜班），以及与所学无关的工作；另一些实习使学生面临人身伤害风险。三名学生实习生死亡——两人自杀、一人因未得到充分医疗而死亡——另有一人自残；他们都曾直接或通过家人向老师或管理人员表达过痛苦。CHRD 的结论质疑中国当局执行国内法律（包括《未成年人保护法》与《职业学校学生实习管理规定》）保护儿童的意愿，这些侵权行为也反映出中国政府未履行其在《儿童权利公约》与国际劳工组织公约下的义务。上述个案数字与结论均为 CHRD 研究的说法，本站未独立核实。[1]

CHRD 在文章中提出三项具体呼吁：中方应公开童工数据——包括通过全国热线收到的投诉与劳动监察关于危险童工的调查结果——并调查非法中介学生实习的劳务派遣机构；同时需要独立于学校管理层的举报渠道，使学生不必担心举报或退出实习会影响毕业。CHRD 表示，北京对问题清单的书面答复及其 2027 年 5 月与委员会的对话，将显示中国政府是否终于准备好提供十多年来一直拒绝的透明度与问责——包括对在国家批准的实习中受到伤害的儿童的问责；CHRD 将继续监督中方的答复并在审议前继续与委员会接触。本记录的核实边界：委员会通过《问题清单》、审议时间与答复截止日期、CHRD 报告的存在与核心结论，均以 CHRD 文章及联合国人权高专办问题清单文件为据；个案细节的真实性系 CHRD 的研究结论，本站未独立核实，故定性为持续核实，将跟进北京 2027 年 2 月 15 日前的书面答复与 2027 年 5 月的审议。[1][2]

核实说明与去重：本记录的核心事实——儿童权利委员会 2026 年 10 月 2 日通过针对中国的问题清单、2027 年 5 月审议、2027 年 2 月 15 日书面答复截止、清单涵盖童工与藏族/维吾尔族儿童权利问题、童工问题源自 CHRD 2026 年 5 月报告——来自 CHRD 11 月 4 日的文章（附联合国人权高专办问题清单文件链接）。本站 10 月 26 日轮次曾因超 24 小时窗口筛除 ISHR 关于同一份问题清单的评述，那是一篇 10 月中旬的评述文章；本次记录依据的是 CHRD 11 月 4 日新发布的文章，且包含 CHRD 报告的个案研究细节（11 省、10–12 小时轮班、三名实习生死亡）与 2027 年审议时间表，是不同的出版物与新增内容，不构成重复。本站此前未收录过儿童权利委员会问题清单或 CHRD 童工报告的内容。[1][2]

According to CHRD on November 4: the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child has asked the Chinese government to explain how it protects children aged 16 to 18 from hazardous labour. The question is included in the formal List of Issues adopted by the Committee on October 2, 2026, and reflects CHRD research documenting abuses of vocational school student interns under 18. The Committee has provisionally scheduled China's review under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) for its May 2027 session, and the Chinese government is expected to respond to the Committee's questions in writing by February 15, 2027. The List of Issues covers a wide range of children's rights concerns: the Committee asked the Chinese government critical questions about abuses including discrimination against Tibetan and Uyghur children, restrictions on their religious and linguistic rights, barriers to education, family separation, and reprisals against children who speak out, and about the implications for children of laws adopted since China's last review in 2013, including Hong Kong's national security laws and the Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress, in effect since July 1, 2026. The Committee also asked the Chinese government to report on the measures it has taken to protect children aged 16 to 18 from 'hazardous labor' and 'to end forced, exploitative and hazardous child labor,' including in 'schools, State-run work-study programs,' in manufacturing, and in Chinese businesses abroad, and for information on investigations, prosecutions and sentences in cases of forced and hazardous child labor. [1][2]

Both questions draw on CHRD's submission to the Committee, based on the report 'Genuine Free Choice? Child Labor and Mandatory Student Internships in China', published in May 2026. That research focuses on two overlapping issues: abuses within mandatory vocational school internship programs affecting students under 18, and the illegal hiring of children under 16. Despite domestic legislation and China's ratification of the CRC and key International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions, abuses of child labor persist across industries. Documented rights abuses in 11 provinces between 2019 and 2025 show some vocational students' internships involved working 10–12-hour shifts, including night work, and performing tasks unrelated to their studies. Other internships put students at risk of physical harm. Three student interns died — two by suicide, one after being denied adequate medical care — and another harmed himself; all had expressed distress to teachers or managers, directly or through their families. CHRD's findings call into question Chinese authorities' willingness to enforce domestic laws, including the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Regulations on the Management of Vocational School Student Internships, to protect children. The violations also reflect non-compliance with the Chinese government's obligations under the CRC and ILO conventions. These figures and conclusions are CHRD's research findings, not independently verified by this site. [1]

CHRD's article makes three specific calls: Chinese authorities should make child labor data publicly available — including complaints received through the national hotline and labor inspection findings on hazardous child labor — and investigate labor dispatch agencies that unlawfully broker student interns. Reporting channels independent of school administrations are also needed, so that students do not fear that reporting abuse, or withdrawing from an internship, will jeopardize their ability to graduate. CHRD says Beijing's written replies to the List of Issues, and its dialogue with the Committee in May 2027, will show whether the Chinese government is finally prepared to offer the transparency and accountability it has withheld for more than a decade — including for the children harmed in state-sanctioned internships. CHRD will monitor the Chinese government's replies and continue to engage the Committee before the review. Verification boundary of this record: the adoption of the List of Issues, the review date and the reply deadline, and the existence and core conclusions of CHRD's report are grounded in CHRD's article and the OHCHR List of Issues document; the truth of the case details is CHRD's research conclusion, not independently verified by this site, hence under ongoing verification, with follow-up on Beijing's written replies by February 15, 2027 and the May 2027 review. [1][2]

Verification note and deduplication: the core facts of this record — the Committee on the Rights of the Child's List of Issues on China adopted October 2, 2026, the May 2027 review, the February 15, 2027 written-reply deadline, the List's coverage of child labour and Tibetan and Uyghur children's rights, and the child-labour questions' origin in CHRD's May 2026 report — come from CHRD's article of November 4 (with a link to the OHCHR List of Issues document). This site's October 26 round screened out an ISHR commentary on the same List of Issues as outside the 24-hour window; that was a mid-October commentary, whereas this record is based on CHRD's new November 4 publication, which adds CHRD's case-research details (11 provinces, 10–12-hour shifts, three interns' deaths) and the 2027 review timetable — a different publication with new content, not a duplicate. This site had not previously carried the Committee's List of Issues or CHRD's child-labour report. [1][2]