美国把三家中国基因公司列入《维吾尔强迫劳动预防法》实体清单：华大基因、华大智造与深圳华大科技，指其配合新疆当局基因检测与强迫劳动US adds three Chinese genomics firms to Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act Entity List: BGI Genomics, MGI Tech and Shenzhen BGI Technology, accused of aiding Xinjiang genetic testing and forced labour

据路透社 10 月 28 日华盛顿电，美国国土安全部当日宣布，把华大基因、华大智造与深圳华大科技列入 UFLPA 实体清单。该清单列出被认定使用或协助使用维吾尔人及其他少数民族强迫劳动、或采购源自新疆维吾尔自治区的材料的实体。美国海关与边境保护局将据此扣留清单上公司的货物，除非进口商能提供足够证据推翻强迫劳动推定。[1]

美方的具体指控分两条线：其一，华大集团与华大基因在新疆配合当局进行基因检测，以协助招募、运送、转移、窝藏或接收强迫劳工；美方还认为，华大集团检测的对象包括该地区人员的基因材料以及动植物基因材料。其二，华大智造向当局提供开展检测的设备与相关支持。路透社转述的国土安全部声明称，这些公司的基因数据与其他信息可能被用于监控与限制少数民族权利的系统。国土安全部长马奎恩·穆林（Markwayne Mullin）表示，美国不会让与强迫劳动和受迫害少数民族监控有关的公司从美国市场获利。[1][2]

被点名公司随即否认。华大智造表示相关指控与事实不符，称公司对任何形式的强迫劳动“零容忍”，并表示其在美国的业务只占整体业务的有限部分。华大集团亦否认从事强迫劳动。路透社转述的市场分析指出，华大基因在美国的业务有限，预计此次列入清单不会对其整体经营产生重大影响；但清单的连锁效应在于，美国客户与合作方会因供应链风险重新评估合同与交易。[1][2]

中方 10 月 29 日作出两层回应。商务部表示，中方谴责美方以所谓新疆“强迫劳动”为由把三家公司列入清单，指美方以人权为借口搞单边保护主义与霸凌，违反两国领导人达成的共识、严重破坏双边经贸关系稳定，并称将采取必要措施坚决维护中国企业合法权益。外交部发言人郭嘉昆同日在例行记者会上表示，中方敦促美方停止以人权为幌子干涉中国内政、遏制中国发展。北京方面一贯否认新疆存在强迫劳动与针对维吾尔人等穆斯林少数民族的人权侵犯。[3][4]

核实说明与本站关联：本记录的核心事实——10 月 28 日三家公司被列入清单、美方的两条指控线、海关扣留机制、两家公司的否认表态、中方 10 月 29 日的商务部与外交部回应——均来自路透社 10 月 28 日电稿及其转载与 10 月 29 日的中方表态报道；美方关于基因检测与强迫劳动之间因果链条的底层证据未随公开报道全文披露，本记录全程保留归属，不把指控写成已认定的事实。本站此前收录的美国国务院《人口贩运报告》中国“第三级”评级与塔克拉玛干水产养殖强迫劳动调查属同一议题的不同事件，本记录与之并列、不串案。本记录定性为持续核实，将继续跟进清单的执行、企业申诉与中方后续措施。[1][2][3][4]

Reuters reported from Washington on October 28 that the Department of Homeland Security had added BGI Genomics, MGI Tech and Shenzhen BGI Technology to the UFLPA Entity List. The list identifies entities that use or facilitate the use of forced labour of Uyghurs and other minorities, or source material from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. US Customs and Border Protection is instructed to stop goods from listed companies from entering the US unless importers can provide sufficient evidence to rebut the presumption that they were made with forced labour. [1]

The US allegations run on two tracks. First, the BGI Group and BGI Genomics conduct genetic testing in the region, working with the government to facilitate the recruitment, transport, transfer, harbouring or receipt of forced labour; the US government believes the BGI Group tests genetic material of people from the region as well as that of plants and animals. Second, MGI Tech provides equipment and related support to the government to conduct the testing. The Homeland Security Department said genetic data and other information could be used in systems that monitor and restrict the rights of minority communities. Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin said the United States refused to let companies tied to forced labour and the surveillance of persecuted minorities profit from the American market. [1][2]

The named companies promptly denied the allegations. Shenzhen-based MGI Tech rejected them as inconsistent with the facts, said it had 'zero tolerance for forced labour in any form', and added that its business activities in the US represented a limited part of its overall business. The BGI Group likewise denied engaging in forced labour. Market analysis carried by Reuters noted that BGI Genomics' US business is limited and the designation was not expected to have a significant impact on its overall operations; the knock-on effect, however, is that US customers and partners may reconsider contracts and transactions because of supply-chain risk. [1][2]

Beijing responded on two levels on October 29. The commerce ministry said China condemned the US decision to add the three companies to the list over alleged Xinjiang 'forced labour', accused Washington of using human rights as a pretext for unilateral protectionism and bullying, said the measures violated the consensus reached by the two countries' leaders and seriously undermined the stability of bilateral economic and trade relations, and vowed to take necessary measures to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises. Foreign ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun said at a regular press briefing the same day that China urged the United States to stop interfering in China's internal affairs and containing China's development under the guise of human rights. Beijing has consistently denied allegations of forced labour and human rights abuses against Uyghurs and other Muslim minority groups in Xinjiang. [3][4]

Verification note and links to this site's records: the core facts — the October 28 listing of the three companies, the two tracks of US allegations, the Customs stop-and-rebut mechanism, the two companies' denials, and Beijing's October 29 commerce-ministry and foreign-ministry responses — all come from Reuters' October 28 dispatch and its syndication plus October 29 reporting of Beijing's responses; the underlying evidence chain linking genetic testing to forced labour was not published in full in the public reporting, so attribution is preserved throughout and the allegations are not presented as established facts. This site's earlier records on the US State Department Trafficking in Persons Report's Tier 3 grading for China and on the Taklamakan aquaculture forced-labour investigation concern the same theme but are separate episodes, listed alongside this record without merging cases. This record is graded 'under ongoing verification' and will follow enforcement of the listing, any company appeals, and further Chinese measures. [1][2][3][4]